1.Algorithm:
A step-by-step set of instructions for solving a specific problem or performing a task.
2.Variable:
A named storage location in memory that holds a value, which can change during the program's execution.
3.Function:
A self-contained block of code that performs a specific task and can be reused throughout the program.
4.Loop:
A control structure that repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a certain condition is met.
5.Conditional Statement:
A programming construct that allows different code paths to be executed based on a specified condition's evaluation (e.g., if statements).
6.Data Type:
A classification that defines the type of data a variable can hold, such as integers, strings, or floating-point numbers.
7.String:
A sequence of characters, typically used to represent text in programming.
8.Array:
A collection of elements, each identified by an index or a key, allowing for organized storage and manipulation of data.
9.Class:
A blueprint for creating objects, defining their properties (attributes) and behaviors (methods).
10.Object:
An instance of a class, representing a real-world entity with attributes and methods.
11.Method:
A function that is associated with an object and defines its behavior.
12.Compilation:
The process of translating human-readable source code into machine-readable code by a compiler.
13.Debugging:
The process of identifying and fixing errors or bugs in a program.
14.Syntax:
The set of rules that dictate how programs must be structured and written in a programming language.
15.API (Application Programming Interface):
A set of predefined functions, classes, and protocols that allow communication between different software components.
16.IDE (Integrated Development Environment):
A software application that provides tools and features to assist programmers in writing, testing, and debugging code.
17.Version Control:
The management of changes to source code over time, often using tools like Git, to track modifications and collaborate on projects.
18.Database:
A structured collection of data that is organized and accessible through various methods.
19.GUI (Graphical User Interface):
A visual interface that allows users to interact with software using graphical elements like buttons and menus.
20.Bug:
An error, flaw, or unintended behavior in a program that causes it to produce incorrect or unexpected results.
21.Interface:
A contract that defines a set of methods and properties that an object must implement, ensuring consistent behavior across different classes.
22.Inheritance:
A mechanism in object-oriented programming where a new class can inherit attributes and behaviors from an existing class.
23.Polymorphism:
The ability of objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common parent class, allowing for dynamic behavior and method overriding.
24.Recursion:
A programming technique where a function calls itself in order to solve a problem by breaking it down into smaller instances of the same problem.
25.Pointer:
A variable that stores the memory address of another variable, allowing for more efficient memory usage and manipulation.
26.Exception:
An unexpected event or error that disrupts the normal flow of a program, often requiring specialized handling.
27.Module:
A self-contained unit of code that can be reused in different parts of a program to improve maintainability and readability.
28.Framework:
A pre-built collection of libraries, tools, and conventions that simplifies the development of specific types of applications.
29.Library:
A collection of functions, classes, and methods that provide reusable code for common tasks, allowing developers to avoid reinventing the wheel.
30.Bytecode:
An intermediate representation of source code that is executed by a virtual machine, often used in languages like Java.
31.Runtime:
The period when a program is executing, including both its initialization and termination phases.
32.Thread:
A basic unit of execution in a program, allowing for concurrent or parallel processing of tasks.
33.Concurrency:
The concept of multiple tasks being executed in overlapping time periods, typically used to improve performance.
34.Mutex (Mutual Exclusion):
A synchronization mechanism used to ensure that only one thread can access a shared resource at a time.
35.Deadlock:
A situation where two or more threads are unable to proceed because each is waiting for a resource held by the other.
36.API Documentation:
A set of reference materials that provides information about how to use the functions, classes, and methods provided by an API.
37.Refactoring:
The process of restructuring existing code to improve its readability, maintainability, and efficiency without changing its external behavior.
38.Legacy Code:
Code that has been inherited from earlier versions of a software system and might be outdated, poorly documented, or difficult to modify.
39.Unit Testing:
The practice of testing individual components or functions of a program in isolation to ensure they work as intended.
40.Integration Testing:
The process of testing interactions between different components or modules to ensure their proper collaboration.
41.Agile:
A software development methodology that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and iterative development to respond to changing requirements.
42.Waterfall:
A traditional software development methodology that follows a linear, sequential approach with defined phases like requirements, design, implementation, testing, and deployment.
43.API Endpoint:
A specific URL or URI through which an API can be accessed and interacted with.
44.Serialization:
The process of converting complex data structures or objects into a format that can be easily stored, transmitted, or reconstructed.
45.Deserialization:
The reverse process of serialization, where data in a serialized format is converted back into its original data structure.
46.Middleware:
Software components that mediate between different parts of a system, often used for tasks like authentication, logging, or routing.
47.Git:
A widely used distributed version control system that allows multiple developers to collaborate on code by tracking changes and managing branches.
48.Pull Request:
A feature in version control systems like Git that allows developers to propose changes to a codebase and initiate a review before merging.
49.Continuous Integration (CI):
A development practice where code changes are automatically integrated and tested in a shared repository multiple times a day.
50.Continuous Deployment (CD):
An extension of continuous integration where code changes are automatically deployed to production environments after passing automated tests.
51.API Gateway:
A server that acts as an entry point for multiple APIs, providing features like authentication, rate limiting, and request routing.
52.Scalability:
The ability of a software system to handle increased load and demand by distributing resources effectively.
53.Microservices:
An architectural style where a large application is broken down into smaller, loosely coupled services that can be developed and deployed independently.
54.Serverless Computing:
A cloud computing model where developers can build and run applications without managing the underlying server infrastructure.
55.Dependency Injection:
A design pattern where the dependencies of a class are provided externally, improving modularity and testability.
56.Docker:
A platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in lightweight, portable containers.
57.Big O Notation:
A mathematical notation used to describe the performance or time complexity of an algorithm in relation to its input size.
58.Singleton:
A design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to a single instance, ensuring global access to that instance.
59.Reflection:
A language feature that allows a program to inspect and modify its own structure, typically used for tasks like introspection and dynamic loading of classes.
60.Merge Conflict:
A situation that occurs when conflicting changes are made to a file or codebase that cannot be automatically resolved by version control systems.
61.Code Smell:
A term used to describe code that is poorly written, difficult to understand, or indicates potential design problems.
62.Agile Manifesto:
A set of values and principles that emphasize individuals and interactions, working software, customer collaboration, and responding to change in software development.
63.MVC (Model-View-Controller):
A design pattern that separates an application into three main components: the model (data and business logic), the view (user interface), and the controller (handles user input).
64.API Versioning:
The practice of maintaining different versions of an API to ensure compatibility with existing clients while allowing for updates and changes.
65.Encryption:
The process of converting data into a secure format to prevent unauthorized access, often used to protect sensitive information.
66.Decomposition:
The process of breaking down a complex problem or system into smaller, more manageable components.
67.ORM (Object-Relational Mapping):
A technique that allows data to be accessed and manipulated in an object-oriented manner, bridging the gap between a database and programming objects.
68.CRUD Operations:
An acronym for Create, Read, Update, and Delete, referring to the basic actions performed on data in a database or application.
69.Mocking:
The practice of creating simulated objects or behaviors to replace real components during testing, facilitating isolated and controlled testing environments.
70.YAGNI (You Aren't Gonna Need It):
A programming principle that advises against implementing functionality until it is actually needed, to avoid unnecessary complexity.
71.Code Review:
The process of examining and evaluating code by other developers to ensure quality, consistency, and adherence to coding standards.
72.Continuous Monitoring:
The practice of actively monitoring the performance, security, and behavior of a software system in production to identify issues and improvements.
73.CI/CD Pipeline:
A series of automated steps that involve building, testing, and deploying code changes, following continuous integration and continuous deployment practices.
74.Technical Debt:
A metaphor for the consequences of choosing expedient solutions or shortcuts during development that may result in future maintenance challenges.
75.Regression Testing:
Re-running previously executed tests to ensure that recent code changes have not introduced new defects or issues.
76.Garbage Collection:
An automatic memory management process in programming languages that deallocates memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use.
77.Runtime Environment:
The software and hardware infrastructure required for executing a program, including libraries, runtime libraries, and system resources.
78.Dependency Hell:
A situation where a project has complex and conflicting dependencies, making it difficult to manage and maintain.
79.White Box Testing:
A testing approach where the tester has access to the internal code and logic of the application, allowing for more targeted testing.
80.Black Box Testing:
A testing approach where the tester focuses on the application's functionality without knowledge of its internal code, simulating user interactions.
81.Code Coverage:
A metric that indicates the percentage of code lines or branches that have been executed by tests, helping to assess the quality of test suites.
82.Polymorphic Code:
Code that can change its appearance or behavior dynamically to evade detection, often used in the context of computer security.
83.Buffer Overflow:
A type of vulnerability that occurs when a program writes more data into a buffer (temporary storage) than it can hold, potentially leading to crashes or security exploits.
84.Heuristic:
A technique that involves using practical, experience-based methods to find solutions or make decisions, often applied in algorithm design.
85.Middleware:
Software components that bridge the gap between various software systems, allowing them to communicate and interact with each other.
86.Race Condition:
A situation in multithreaded or concurrent programming where the order of execution can lead to unexpected or incorrect results.
87.Refactoring:
The process of improving the structure, readability, and maintainability of code without changing its external behavior.
88.Bootstrapping:
The process of starting a computer or software system by loading a small, initial program that then loads more complex components.
89.Static Analysis:
The practice of analyzing code without actually executing it, often used to identify issues and potential vulnerabilities.
90.Wireframe:
A basic visual representation of a user interface, used to plan the layout and functionality of a software application.
91.Bug Bounty Program:
An initiative where individuals are rewarded for finding and reporting security vulnerabilities in software applications.
92.Technical Documentation:
Written materials that provide information about how to use, maintain, and understand software applications, libraries, or APIs.
93.Clean Code:
Code that is easy to read, understand, and maintain, often following established coding standards and best practices.
94.Software Architecture:
The high-level structure and organization of a software system, including components, relationships, and design decisions.
95.NoSQL Database:
A type of database that does not rely on a traditional relational model, often used for handling large volumes of unstructured or semi-structured data.
96.Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC):
The process of designing, developing, testing, deploying, and maintaining software applications.
97.Regression Testing:
Re-running previously executed tests to ensure that recent code changes have not introduced new defects or issues.
98.Agile:
A software development methodology that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and iterative development to respond to changing requirements.
99.Pair Programming:
A practice where two programmers work together at a single computer, with one writing code and the other reviewing in real time.
100.WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get):
An interface or editor that displays content as it will appear in the final output, helping users visualize their work.
101.Aggregation:
A design principle where one class or object is composed of or references other classes or objects, forming a larger, more complex structure.
102.Binary Search:
An efficient searching algorithm that divides a sorted list in half repeatedly, reducing the search space by half with each comparison.
103.Call Stack:
A data structure that keeps track of function calls in a program, allowing for proper execution and control flow.
104.Compiler:
A software tool that translates human-readable source code into machine-readable code, often in lower-level languages.
105.Interpreter:
A program that directly executes source code without the need for prior compilation, often used for scripting languages.
106.Concurrency:
The concept of multiple tasks or processes executing in overlapping time periods, enhancing performance and responsiveness.
107.Data Mining:
The process of discovering patterns, trends, and insights from large datasets using techniques from statistics and machine learning.
108.Design Pattern:
A reusable solution to common software design problems, providing best practices and guidelines for creating well-structured code.
109.Escape Characters:
Special characters used to represent non-printable or reserved characters within strings, often with a backslash (\\).
110.Fuzz Testing:
A technique that involves providing invalid, unexpected, or random inputs to a program to uncover vulnerabilities and defects.
111.Hashing:
The process of converting input data into a fixed-size value (hash) using a hash function, commonly used in data structures like hash tables.
112.Middleware:
Software components that mediate between different systems or applications, enabling communication and data exchange.
113.Object-Oriented Programming (OOP):
A programming paradigm that organizes data and behaviors into objects, promoting modularity and reusability.
114.Software Development Kit (SDK):
A collection of tools, libraries, and documentation that aids developers in building applications for a specific platform.
115.Stack Overflow:
An error that occurs when the call stack exceeds its allocated memory space, often due to an excessive number of nested function calls.
116.Version Control System (VCS):
Software that tracks changes to source code over time, facilitating collaboration and managing different versions.
117.Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi):
A technology that enables devices to connect to the internet and local networks wirelessly using radio frequencies.
118.Cross-Platform Development:
Creating software that can run on multiple operating systems or platforms without significant modification.
119.Data Validation:
The process of ensuring that input data meets specific criteria, preventing incorrect or malicious data from being processed.
120.Edge Computing:
Processing and analyzing data closer to the source or point of generation, reducing latency and improving efficiency.
121.Server:
A computer or software system that provides services, resources, or data to other computers (clients) over a network.
122.Serverless Architecture:
A design approach where developers focus on writing code without needing to manage or provision the underlying infrastructure.
123.Sprint:
In Agile methodologies, a fixed time period (usually 1-4 weeks) during which a team works on a set of planned tasks and delivers a potentially shippable product increment.
124.Token:
A small piece of data that represents user authentication credentials, often used to securely manage user sessions and permissions.
125.W3C (World Wide Web Consortium):
An international community that develops open standards for the web, ensuring interoperability and usability.
126.XPath:
A query language used to navigate XML documents and extract specific data from structured content.
127.Zero-Day Exploit:
A security vulnerability that is exploited by attackers on the same day the vulnerability becomes known, before a fix or patch is available.
128.Bitwise Operation:
An operation that manipulates individual bits within a binary representation of data, used for low-level data manipulation and optimization.
129.Singleton Pattern:
A design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to a single instance and provides a global point of access to that instance.
130.Multithreading:
A programming technique where multiple threads within a single process run concurrently, sharing the same resources.
131.Polymorphism:
A principle in object-oriented programming where objects of different classes can be treated as objects of a common superclass.
132.Dependency Injection:
A design pattern where components' dependencies are provided from the outside, improving modularity and testability.
133.Feature Flag:
A programming technique that allows developers to control the availability of certain features in a software application.
134.Metadata:
Data that provides information about other data, often used to describe the properties and characteristics of files, databases, and resources.
135.Race Condition:
A situation where the behavior of a program depends on the relative timing of events, often leading to unpredictable outcomes.
136.Repository:
A storage location where code, documents, or other resources are stored, managed, and versioned using version control systems.
137.Semantic Versioning (SemVer):
A versioning scheme that uses three numbers (Major.Minor.Patch) to communicate the level of compatibility and changes in software.
138.Binary Tree:
A hierarchical data structure where each node has at most two child nodes, commonly used for efficient searching and sorting.
139.Root Directory:
The top-level directory in a file system hierarchy, serving as the starting point for navigating and organizing files and folders.
140.API Rate Limiting:
A technique that restricts the number of API requests a user or application can make within a given time period, preventing abuse and ensuring fair usage.
141.OAuth:
An authentication framework that allows applications to obtain limited access to a user's account on another service, without exposing the user's credentials.
142.Dead Code:
Code that is unreachable or never executed during the runtime of a program, often resulting from redundancy or logic errors.
143.Code Review:
A process where code is examined by other developers to identify bugs, improve quality, and ensure adherence to coding standards.
144.Git Branch:
A separate line of development in a Git repository, allowing for isolation of changes and experimentation without affecting the main codebase.
145.Continuous Integration (CI):
A practice where developers integrate their code changes into a shared repository frequently, triggering automated tests and builds.
146.Regression Testing:
Re-running tests to ensure that new code changes have not introduced unexpected side effects or caused existing functionality to break.
147.Agile Frameworks:
Methodologies like Scrum, Kanban, and XP that provide guidelines for implementing Agile principles in software development.
148.Prototype:
An early version of a software application that is used for testing and gathering user feedback before full development.
149.UML (Unified Modeling Language):
A standardized visual language used to represent and document software system designs and architectures.
150.Code Smell:
An indicator of poor coding practices or potential design issues that can lead to maintenance challenges and bugs.
151.Code Refactoring:
The process of restructuring and improving code without changing its external behavior, often done to enhance readability and maintainability.
152.Pull Request:
A request to merge code changes from a branch into another branch, commonly used in version control systems like Git.
153.Caching:
The practice of storing frequently accessed data in a temporary storage location to improve performance and reduce load times.
154.SOLID Principles:
A set of five design principles (Single Responsibility, Open/Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, Dependency Inversion) that promote maintainable and modular code.
155.Design Patterns:
Reusable solutions to common programming problems, helping developers create efficient, scalable, and maintainable software.
156.CLI (Command-Line Interface):
A text-based interface used to interact with a computer program by typing commands and receiving text-based responses.
157.Database Index:
A data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table by optimizing the data organization.
158.Third-Party Libraries:
Software components created by external developers that can be incorporated into your own projects to provide specific functionality.
159.API Documentation:
Information provided to developers about how to use an API, including details about available endpoints, parameters, and responses.
160.Cloud Computing:
The delivery of computing services (such as storage, processing power, and databases) over the internet, often on a pay-as-you-go basis.
161.Inversion of Control (IoC):
A design principle where the control of a program's flow is shifted from the application code to an external framework or container.
162.Scalability:
The ability of a system to handle increased workload or demand by adding resources without significantly affecting performance.
163.Test-Driven Development (TDD):
A development approach where tests are written before the actual code, guiding the implementation and ensuring code correctness.
164.Continuous Deployment (CD):
An extension of continuous integration where code changes are automatically deployed to production environments after passing automated tests.
165.Semantic Web:
A vision of the World Wide Web in which information is structured and linked in a way that is more understandable by computers.
166.Software Framework:
A pre-built structure that provides a foundation for developing software applications, often offering standardized solutions for common tasks.
167.Middleware:
Software components that facilitate communication and data exchange between different software applications or systems.
168.Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP):
A programming paradigm that focuses on separating cross-cutting concerns, such as logging and security, from the main application logic.
169.Thread Pool:
A collection of worker threads that are managed and reused to execute tasks concurrently, improving performance and resource management.
170.Software Testing:
The process of evaluating a software application to identify defects, ensure its functionality, and verify that it meets requirements.
171.API Gateway:
A server that acts as a single entry point for multiple APIs, providing features like authentication, rate limiting, and request routing.
172.Middleware:
Software components that act as intermediaries between different software applications, enabling communication and data exchange.
173.IoT (Internet of Things):
The network of physical devices (such as sensors and appliances) connected to the internet, often used to collect and exchange data.
174.Virtual Reality (VR):
A technology that creates a simulated environment, often experienced through a headset, to immerse users in a digital world.
175.Augmented Reality (AR):
Technology that overlays digital information or imagery onto the real-world environment, often experienced through smartphones or smart glasses.
176.DevOps:
A set of practices that combine development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops) to improve collaboration, automation, and efficiency in software delivery.
177.CI/CD Pipeline:
A series of automated steps that involve building, testing, and deploying code changes, following continuous integration and continuous deployment practices.
178.Regression Testing:
Re-running previously executed tests to ensure that recent code changes have not introduced new defects or issues.
179.Microservices Architecture:
An architectural style where a large application is broken down into smaller, independent services that communicate through APIs.
180.Machine Learning:
A subset of artificial intelligence that involves training algorithms to improve their performance on a specific task using data and experience.
181.Code Duplication:
The presence of identical or very similar code in multiple places within a codebase, which can lead to maintenance difficulties.
182.Load Balancing:
Distributing incoming network traffic across multiple servers to ensure efficient resource utilization and prevent overload.
183.Cryptography:
The practice of securing communication and data by converting information into a code, making it unreadable without the proper decryption key.
184.Lambda Function:
An anonymous, small, and often single-purpose function used in functional programming or serverless computing.
185.Unit Testing:
Testing individual units or components of a software application in isolation to ensure they work as intended.
186.Eclipse:
An open-source integrated development environment (IDE) primarily used for Java development but also supports other programming languages.
187.Hexadecimal:
A base-16 number system often used in programming to represent numbers and memory addresses more concisely.
188.Docker:
A platform that allows applications to be packaged with all their dependencies, enabling consistent deployment across different environments.
189.JSON (JavaScript Object Notation):
A lightweight data interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate.
190.SQL (Structured Query Language):
A domain-specific language used for managing and querying relational databases.
191.REST (Representational State Transfer):
A software architectural style that defines a set of constraints for creating scalable web services.
192.GraphQL:
A query language for APIs that enables clients to request specific data from a server, reducing over-fetching or under-fetching of data.
193.Big Data:
Extremely large and complex data sets that require specialized tools and techniques for processing and analysis.
194.Regular Expression (Regex):
A pattern used to match strings or sequences of characters in text, often used for searching, validation, and manipulation.
195.Metadata:
Data that provides information about other data, often used to describe the characteristics and attributes of files, documents, and resources.
196.Microcontroller:
A small computer on a single integrated circuit chip that contains a processor, memory, and input/output peripherals.
197.Agile Manifesto:
A set of guiding values and principles for Agile software development, emphasizing flexibility, collaboration, and customer satisfaction.
198.IDE (Integrated Development Environment):
A software application that provides tools and features to assist programmers in writing, testing, and debugging code.
199.Functional Programming:
A programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing state and mutable data.
200.Responsive Web Design:
Designing websites and applications to provide optimal viewing and interaction experiences across a wide range of devices and screen sizes.
201.Thread-Safe:
A term used to describe code or data structures that can be safely accessed and manipulated by multiple threads simultaneously.
202.Kernel:
The core part of an operating system that manages hardware resources and provides essential services to other software components.
203.Memory Leak:
A situation where a program fails to release memory it no longer needs, causing the program's memory usage to grow over time.
204.Aggregation:
A design principle where one class or object is composed of or references other classes or objects, forming a larger, more complex structure.
205.Eclipse:
An open-source integrated development environment (IDE) primarily used for Java development but also supports other programming languages.
206.Refactoring:
The process of restructuring and improving code without changing its external behavior, often done to enhance readability and maintainability.
207.Concurrency:
The concept of multiple tasks or processes executing in overlapping time periods, enhancing performance and responsiveness.
208.Binary Search:
An efficient searching algorithm that divides a sorted list in half repeatedly, reducing the search space by half with each comparison.
209.Regression Testing:
Re-running tests to ensure that new code changes have not introduced unexpected side effects or caused existing functionality to break.
210.Version Control System (VCS):
Software that tracks changes to source code over time, facilitating collaboration and managing different versions.
211.Inheritance:
A mechanism in object-oriented programming where a new class can inherit attributes and behaviors from an existing class.
212.Singleton Pattern:
A design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to a single instance and provides a global point of access to that instance.
213.Recursion:
A programming technique where a function calls itself in order to solve a problem by breaking it down into smaller instances of the same problem.
214.Dependency Injection:
A design pattern where components' dependencies are provided from the outside, improving modularity and testability.
215.IDE (Integrated Development Environment):
A software application that provides tools and features to assist programmers in writing, testing, and debugging code.
216.Software Architecture:
The high-level structure and organization of a software system, including components, relationships, and design decisions.
217.Stack Overflow:
An error that occurs when the call stack exceeds its allocated memory space, often due to an excessive number of nested function calls.
218.API (Application Programming Interface):
A set of predefined functions, classes, and protocols that allow communication between different software components.
219.Waterfall Model:
A traditional software development methodology that follows a linear, sequential approach with distinct phases like requirements, design, implementation, testing, and deployment.
220.Polymorphism:
A principle in object-oriented programming where objects of different classes can be treated as objects of a common superclass.
221.Runtime Environment:
The software and hardware infrastructure required for executing a program, including libraries, runtime libraries, and system resources.
222.Distributed Computing:
A field of computer science that involves designing systems that consist of multiple interconnected computers, often working on a shared task.
223.TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):
A set of protocols that governs how data is transmitted over networks, including the Internet.
224.Code Smell:
An indicator of poor coding practices or potential design issues that can lead to maintenance challenges and bugs.
225.Caching:
The practice of storing frequently accessed data in a temporary storage location to improve performance and reduce load times.
226.API Versioning:
The practice of maintaining different versions of an API to ensure compatibility with existing clients while allowing for updates and changes.
227.Multithreading:
A programming technique where multiple threads within a single process run concurrently, sharing the same resources.
228.Blockchain:
A distributed and decentralized digital ledger technology used to securely record and verify transactions across multiple computers.
229.SQL Injection:
A type of security vulnerability where malicious SQL code is inserted into input fields to manipulate a database or gain unauthorized access.
230.Software Framework:
A pre-built structure that provides a foundation for developing software applications, often offering standardized solutions for common tasks.
231.Lambda Expression:
A concise way to represent an anonymous function in programming languages that support functional programming.
232.Refactoring:
The process of restructuring and improving code without changing its external behavior, often done to enhance readability and maintainability.
233.Heap:
A region of memory used for dynamic memory allocation, where objects and data structures are stored and managed.
234.IoT (Internet of Things):
The network of physical devices (such as sensors and appliances) connected to the internet, often used to collect and exchange data.
235.Concurrent Programming:
Designing and implementing programs that can handle multiple tasks or processes at the same time, often utilizing parallel processing.
236.Front-End Development:
The creation of user interfaces and interactions in web applications, often involving HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
237.Back-End Development:
The development of server-side logic, databases, and APIs that power web applications and handle data processing.
238.Machine Learning:
A subset of artificial intelligence that involves training algorithms to improve their performance on a specific task using data and experience.
239.Dynamic Programming:
A method of solving complex problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems and solving each subproblem only once.
240.Scrum:
An Agile framework for managing complex knowledge work, emphasizing collaboration, adaptability, and iterative progress.
241.Continuous Integration (CI):
A practice where developers integrate their code changes into a shared repository frequently, triggering automated tests and builds.
242.Cybersecurity:
The practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and data from security breaches, attacks, and unauthorized access.
243.Dependency Injection:
A design pattern where components' dependencies are provided from the outside, improving modularity and testability.
244.Functional Programming:
A programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing state and mutable data.
245.Garbage Collection:
An automatic memory management process in programming languages that deallocates memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use.
246.Hashing:
The process of converting input data into a fixed-size value (hash) using a hash function, commonly used in data structures like hash tables.
247.Inversion of Control (IoC):
A design principle where the control of a program's flow is shifted from the application code to an external framework or container.
248.JIT (Just-In-Time) Compilation:
A compilation technique where code is compiled at runtime, allowing for dynamic optimization and improved performance.
249.KISS Principle (Keep It Simple, Stupid):
A design principle that encourages simplicity and avoiding unnecessary complexity in software solutions.
250.Lambda Function:
An anonymous, small, and often single-purpose function used in functional programming or serverless computing.
251.Metaprogramming:
Writing code that can generate or modify other code, often used to create reusable templates or automate repetitive tasks.
252.N-Tier Architecture:
A design approach that separates an application into multiple tiers or layers, such as presentation, business logic, and data storage.
253.Observer Pattern:
A design pattern where an object (the observer) maintains a list of its dependents (observers) and notifies them of any changes.
254.Parse:
The process of analyzing a string of characters to determine its grammatical structure or meaning, often used in parsing data formats like JSON.
255.Quality Assurance (QA):
The systematic process of ensuring the quality of software by planning, implementing, and executing tests and checks.
256.Regular Expression (Regex):
A pattern used to match strings or sequences of characters in text, often used for searching, validation, and manipulation.
257.Software Architecture:
The high-level structure and organization of a software system, including components, relationships, and design decisions.
258.Turing Complete:
A system or language that can simulate a Turing machine, indicating its ability to perform any computation.
259.Unit Testing:
Testing individual units or components of a software application in isolation to ensure they work as intended.
260.Version Control System (VCS):
Software that tracks changes to source code over time, facilitating collaboration and managing different versions.
261.XML (eXtensible Markup Language):
A markup language used to structure and store data in a format that is both human-readable and machine-parseable.
262.YAML (YAML Ain't Markup Language):
A human-readable data serialization format often used for configuration files and data exchange between languages.
263.Zero-Day Exploit:
A security vulnerability that is exploited by attackers on the same day the vulnerability becomes known, before a fix or patch is available.
264.Agile Manifesto:
A set of guiding values and principles for Agile software development, emphasizing flexibility, collaboration, and customer satisfaction.
265.Back-End Development:
The development of server-side logic, databases, and APIs that power web applications and handle data processing.
266.Continuous Deployment (CD):
An extension of continuous integration where code changes are automatically deployed to production environments after passing automated tests.
267.Dynamic Programming:
A method of solving complex problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems and solving each subproblem only once.
268.Event-Driven Programming:
A programming paradigm where the flow of a program's execution is determined by events, often used in user interfaces and real-time systems.
269.Front-End Development:
The creation of user interfaces and interactions in web applications, often involving HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
270.Graph Database:
A type of database that uses graph structures to store, represent, and query data with nodes, edges, and properties.
271.High-Level Programming Language:
A programming language that is designed to be human-readable and allows for easier abstraction from hardware details.
272.Immutable Data:
Data that cannot be modified after creation, often used to ensure consistency and prevent unintended changes.
273.Join:
A database operation that combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column, used to retrieve data from multiple tables.
274.Kotlin:
A programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), known for its concise syntax and strong type inference.
275.Lambda Expression:
A concise way to represent an anonymous function in programming languages that support functional programming.
276.Machine Learning:
A subset of artificial intelligence that involves training algorithms to improve their performance on a specific task using data and experience.
277.Namespace:
A container that holds a set of identifiers (such as variables, functions, or classes) to avoid naming conflicts in code.
278.Object-Oriented Programming (OOP):
A programming paradigm that organizes data and behaviors into objects, promoting modularity and reusability.
279.Pattern Matching:
A technique used to check if a given sequence of data follows a specific pattern or structure, often used in text processing.
280.Query Language:
A language used to interact with databases and retrieve or manipulate data, such as SQL for relational databases.
281.Race Condition:
A situation in multithreaded or concurrent programming where the order of execution can lead to unexpected or incorrect results.
282.Static Analysis:
The practice of analyzing code without actually executing it, often used to identify issues and potential vulnerabilities.
283.Transaction:
A sequence of one or more operations treated as a single unit of work in a database, ensuring data consistency and integrity.
284.Unified Modeling Language (UML):
A standardized visual language used to represent and document software system designs and architectures.
285.Validation:
The process of checking if data meets certain criteria or adheres to specified rules, often used to ensure data quality.
286.Web Services:
Software systems that allow different applications to communicate and exchange data over the internet using standardized protocols.
287.XPath:
A query language used to navigate XML documents and extract specific data from structured content.
288.YAML (YAML Ain't Markup Language):
A human-readable data serialization format often used for configuration files and data exchange between languages.
289.Zombie Code:
Code that is no longer in use but remains in the codebase, potentially causing confusion and increasing maintenance effort.
290.Containerization:
A technique where applications and their dependencies are packaged together in isolated environments (containers) for consistent deployment.
291.MVC (Model-View-Controller):
A design pattern that separates an application into three main components: the model (data and business logic), the view (user interface), and the controller (handles user input).
292.Hexadecimal:
A base-16 number system often used in programming to represent numbers and memory addresses more concisely.
293.Deep Learning:
A subfield of machine learning that focuses on neural networks with multiple layers, often used for complex pattern recognition.
294.Garbage Collection:
An automatic memory management process in programming languages that deallocates memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use.
295.IDE (Integrated Development Environment):
A software application that provides tools and features to assist programmers in writing, testing, and debugging code.
296.JSON (JavaScript Object Notation):
A lightweight data interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate.
297.Kotlin:
A programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), known for its concise syntax and strong type inference.
298.Loop:
A control structure in programming that allows a set of instructions to be executed repeatedly based on a specified condition.
299.Machine Learning:
A subset of artificial intelligence that involves training algorithms to improve their performance on a specific task using data and experience.
300.Namespace:
A container that holds a set of identifiers (such as variables, functions, or classes) to avoid naming conflicts in code.
301.OAuth:
An authentication framework that allows applications to obtain limited access to a user's account on another service, without exposing the user's credentials.
302.Patch:
A small software update designed to fix bugs, vulnerabilities, or other issues in an existing software application.
303.Quantum Computing:
A type of computing that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to perform calculations using qubits instead of traditional bits.
304.Runtime Environment:
The software and hardware infrastructure required for executing a program, including libraries, runtime libraries, and system resources.
305.Sprint:
In Agile methodologies, a fixed time period (usually 1-4 weeks) during which a team works on a set of planned tasks and delivers a potentially shippable product increment.
306.Threading:
A programming technique that allows a program to perform multiple tasks concurrently, improving performance and responsiveness.
307.Unicode:
A standardized character encoding system that assigns unique numeric codes to characters from various languages and scripts.
308.Virtual Machine:
An emulation of a physical computer that allows multiple operating systems or applications to run on a single physical machine.
309.WebAssembly:
A binary instruction format that enables execution of high-performance code on web browsers, bridging the gap between different programming languages and the web.
310.XML (eXtensible Markup Language):
A markup language used to structure and store data in a format that is both human-readable and machine-parseable.
311.YAML (YAML Ain't Markup Language):
A human-readable data serialization format often used for configuration files and data exchange between languages.
312.Zero-Day Exploit:
A security vulnerability that is exploited by attackers on the same day the vulnerability becomes known, before a fix or patch is available.
313.Algorithm:
A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem or performing a task, often used in programming and computer science.
314.Bug:
An error or flaw in a software program that causes it to behave unexpectedly, produce incorrect results, or crash.
315.Compilation:
The process of translating human-readable source code into machine-readable code by a compiler.
316.Distributed Computing:
A field of computer science that involves designing systems that consist of multiple interconnected computers, often working on a shared task.
317.Exception:
An event that occurs during the execution of a program that disrupts the normal flow of instructions, often requiring special handling.
318.Framework:
A pre-built structure or set of libraries that provides a foundation for developing software applications, often including reusable components and best practices.
319.Graceful Degradation:
Designing software or systems to continue functioning at a reduced level of performance or features when some components fail.
320.Heuristic:
A technique that involves using practical, experience-based methods to find solutions or make decisions, often applied in algorithm design.
321.Inheritance:
A mechanism in object-oriented programming where a new class can inherit attributes and behaviors from an existing class.
322.JSON (JavaScript Object Notation):
A lightweight data interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate.
323.Key-Value Store:
A type of database that stores data as a collection of key-value pairs, enabling efficient retrieval of values using their associated keys.
324.Lambda Expression:
A concise way to represent an anonymous function in programming languages that support functional programming.
325.Memory Leak:
A situation where a program fails to release memory it no longer needs, causing the program's memory usage to grow over time.
326.Namespace:
A container that holds a set of identifiers (such as variables, functions, or classes) to avoid naming conflicts in code.
327.Object-Oriented Programming (OOP):
A programming paradigm that organizes data and behaviors into objects, promoting modularity and reusability.
328.Polymorphism:
A principle in object-oriented programming where objects of different classes can be treated as objects of a common superclass.
329.Query Language:
A language used to interact with databases and retrieve or manipulate data, such as SQL for relational databases.
330.Recursion:
A programming technique where a function calls itself in order to solve a problem by breaking it down into smaller instances of the same problem.
331.Software Design Patterns:
Reusable solutions to common software design problems, helping developers create more maintainable and efficient code.
332.Type Casting:
The process of converting a variable of one data type to another, often used to perform operations that require compatible types.
333.Unicode:
A standardized character encoding system that assigns unique numeric codes to characters from various languages and scripts.
334.Validation:
The process of checking if data meets certain criteria or adheres to specified rules, often used to ensure data quality.
335.Web Services:
Software systems that allow different applications to communicate and exchange data over the internet using standardized protocols.
336.XPath:
A query language used to navigate XML documents and extract specific data from structured content.
337.YAML (YAML Ain't Markup Language):
A human-readable data serialization format often used for configuration files and data exchange between languages.
338.Zero-Day Exploit:
A security vulnerability that is exploited by attackers on the same day the vulnerability becomes known, before a fix or patch is available.
339.API (Application Programming Interface):
A set of predefined functions, classes, and protocols that allow communication between different software components.
340.Bug:
An error or flaw in a software program that causes it to behave unexpectedly, produce incorrect results, or crash.