Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing arbitrary data. It defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
1 Simple XML Element:
```xml
<book>
<title>Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone</title>
<author>J.K. Rowling</author>
<publishedYear>1997</publishedYear>
</book>
```
2 Nested XML Elements:
```xml
<school>
<classroom>
<teacher>Ms. Smith</teacher>
<students>
<student>John</student>
<student>Lisa</student>
</students>
</classroom>
<classroom>
<teacher>Mr. Johnson</teacher>
<students>
<student>Alex</student>
<student>Emily</student>
</students>
</classroom>
</school>
```
3 XML Attributes:
```xml
<car make="Toyota" model="Camry" year="2023"/>
```
Remember, XML is a markup language used to structure data, and the examples above showcase different ways to organize information using XML syntax.
4 Self-Closing Tags:
```xml
<fruit name="apple" color="red" />
<fruit name="banana" color="yellow" />
```
5 CDATA Section (for embedding special characters):
```xml
<description><![CDATA[This is some <b>bold</b> text & special characters like &]]></description>
```
6 Comments:
```xml
<!-- This is a comment in XML -->
```
7 XML Declaration:
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
```
8 XML Document with Namespace:
```xml
<ns:person xmlns:ns="http://example.com/person">
<ns:name>John Doe</ns:name>
<ns:age>30</ns:age>
</ns:person>
```
9 Mixed Content (Text and Elements):
```xml
<paragraph>This is <b>bold</b> and <i>italic</i> text.</paragraph>
```
10 Entities:
```xml
<message><Hello> & "Goodbye"</message>
```
Remember that XML is a versatile language used to represent structured data in a human-readable format. The examples above showcase different aspects of XML syntax, such as attributes, comments, self-closing tags, and more.
11 XML Processing Instructions:
```xml
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="styles.css"?>
```
12 XML Entities for Common Characters:
```xml
<text>This is an ampersand: & and this is a greater-than sign: ></text>
```
13 XML Schema Definition (XSD) Reference:
```xml
<person xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="person.xsd">
<name>Alice</name>
<age>28</age>
</person>
```
14 XML Elements with Optional and Required Attributes:
```xml
<product name="Laptop" price="999.99" manufacturer="Dell" />
<product name="Keyboard" price="49.99" />
```
15 Empty Elements:
```xml
<emptyElement />
```
16 Using CDATA for Preserving Whitespace:
```xml
<code><![CDATA[
function add(a, b) {
return a + b;
}
]]></code>
```
17 Using XML to Define Configuration:
```xml
<configuration>
<setting name="enableLogging">true</setting>
<setting name="timeout">300</setting>
</configuration>
```
These examples cover various features and use cases of XML syntax, including processing instructions, entities, schema references, attributes, empty elements, CDATA sections, and more. XML is a powerful tool for structuring and representing data in a standardized way.
18 XML Namespaces with Prefixes:
```xml
<root xmlns:books="http://example.com/books">
<books:book>
<books:title>XML Basics</books:title>
</books:book>
</root>
```
19 XML Document Fragment:
```xml
<order>
<item>Item 1</item>
<item>Item 2</item>
</order>
```
20 Attributes with Different Datatypes:
```xml
<product name="Smartphone" price="599.99" inStock="true" />
```
21 Using Entities for Special Characters:
```xml
<description>This is a © symbol and an em-dash —</description>
```
22 Escaping XML Characters:
```xml
<text><example> & "test" 'escape'</text>
```
23 XML with Inline Comments:
```xml
<document>
<!-- This is a comment -->
<section>
<!-- Another comment -->
<item>Item 1</item>
<item>Item 2</item>
</section>
</document>
```
24 XML with Conditional Processing:
```xml
<document>
<!--[if IE]>
<message>This is a message for Internet Explorer.</message>
<![endif]-->
</document>
```
These examples delve into more advanced aspects of XML, including namespaces, document fragments, attributes with different data types, special characters, escaping, inline comments, and conditional processing. XML's flexibility allows for precise structuring and representation of a wide range of data formats.
25 XML Elements with Mixed Content and Whitespace Preservation:
```xml
<article>
This is some <b>bold</b> and <i>italic</i> text.
<code>
function add(a, b) {
return a + b;
}
</code>
</article>
```
26 XML Element with Attribute Value Templates (AVTs):
```xml
<user name="{firstName} {lastName}" email="{email}" />
```
27 XML Element with Default Namespace:
```xml
<root xmlns="http://example.com">
<element>Content</element>
</root>
```
28 XML Element with Multiple Namespaces:
```xml
<root xmlns="http://example.com/main" xmlns:sub="http://example.com/sub">
<element>Main namespace</element>
<sub:element>Sub namespace</sub:element>
</root>
```
29 XML Element with Line Breaks and Indentation:
```xml
<document>
<section>
<paragraph>
This is a paragraph with
line breaks and indentation.
</paragraph>
</section>
</document>
```
30 XML with Processing Instruction:
```xml
<?target instruction?>
<data>This is the content.</data>
```
These examples cover additional scenarios involving mixed content, attribute value templates, default namespaces, multiple namespaces, preserving whitespace, and processing instructions. XML provides a robust way to represent various data structures and formats.
31 XML with Conditional Logic:
```xml
<data>
<value condition="true">This is true.</value>
<value condition="false">This is false.</value>
</data>
```
32 XML Element with CDATA for Script Content:
```xml
<script><![CDATA[
function greet(name) {
alert("Hello, " + name + "!");
}
]]></script>
```
33 XML Element with Entity References:
```xml
<text>This is an <example> of entity references & "quotes".</text>
```
34 XML Element with Entity Declaration:
```xml
<!DOCTYPE root [
<!ENTITY author "John Doe">
]>
<document>
<author>&author;</author>
</document>
```
35 XML Element with Commented-Out Content:
```xml
<content>
<!--<item>Hidden Item</item>-->
<item>Visible Item</item>
</content>
```
36 XML Element with Base64 Encoded Data:
```xml
<image>SGVsbG8gV29ybGQh</image>
```
These examples further demonstrate various XML scenarios, including conditional logic, CDATA for script content, entity references, entity declarations, commented-out content, and encoding data using Base64. XML's versatility makes it a useful tool for representing a wide range of structured information.
37 XML Element with Namespaced Attributes:
```xml
<root xmlns:custom="http://example.com/custom">
<item custom:id="123" custom:type="product">Widget</item>
</root>
```
38 XML Element with Processing Instruction for Styling:
```xml
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="styles.css"?>
<document>
<content>This is a styled document.</content>
</document>
```
39 XML Element with Language Declaration:
```xml
<document xml:lang="en-US">
<content>This is in English (US).</content>
</document>
```
40 XML Element with Character Entity for Non-Breaking Space:
```xml
<paragraph>This is a non-breaking space.</paragraph>
```
41 XML Element with Inline Schema Definition:
```xml
<data xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<value xsi:type="xs:int">42</value>
</data>
```
42 XML Element with Entity References for Special Characters:
```xml
<text>© 2023 Company</text>
```
These examples continue to illustrate various XML features, including namespaced attributes, processing instructions for styling, language declarations, non-breaking space entities, inline schema definitions, and using numeric character references for special characters. XML's capabilities make it adaptable to various use cases and data representations.
43 XML Element with Default Attribute Values:
```xml
<product name="Phone" price="299.99" quantity="1" />
```
44 XML Element with Conditional Comments:
```xml
<document>
<!--[if IE]>
<message>This is a message for Internet Explorer.</message>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if !IE]>-->
<message>This message is for other browsers.</message>
<!--<![endif]-->
</document>
```
45 XML Element with Namespaced Elements and Attributes:
```xml
<root xmlns:custom="http://example.com/custom">
<custom:item custom:id="123">Custom Widget</custom:item>
</root>
```
46 XML Element with Parsed Entity Reference:
```xml
<!ENTITY linebreak "
">
<paragraph>This has a&linebreak;line break.</paragraph>
```
47 XML Element with Embedded SVG:
```xml
<image>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100" height="100">
<circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" fill="red" />
</svg>
</image>
```
48 XML Element with CDATA and HTML Content:
```xml
<description><![CDATA[<p>This is <b>HTML</b> content.</p>]]></description>
```
These examples showcase more XML usage scenarios, including default attribute values, conditional comments, namespaced elements and attributes, parsed entity references, embedding SVG graphics, and using CDATA to include HTML content. XML's flexibility allows it to adapt to various data and content types.