1. XML (eXtensible Markup Language):
A markup language that defines rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. It's used for structuring and storing data in a hierarchical format.
2. Element:
A fundamental building block of an XML document. It consists of a start tag, content, and an end tag. For example: `<title>Sample Title</title>`.
3. Tag:
A pair of angle brackets that define the start and end of an element. Tags enclose the element's content. Example: `<name>John</name>`.
4. Attribute:
Information associated with an XML element, typically in the form of key-value pairs. Example: `<person age="30">John</person>`.
5. Namespace:
A mechanism to avoid naming conflicts by allowing elements and attributes to be identified with a prefix and a URI. For example, using a namespace declaration like `xmlns:prefix="namespaceURI"`.
6. Document Type Definition (DTD):
A way to describe the structure of an XML document using a formal declaration. It defines the elements, attributes, and structure allowed in the document.
7. XML Schema:
A more powerful and flexible alternative to DTD. It defines the structure, data types, and constraints of elements and attributes in an XML document.
8. CDATA:
Character Data that should not be parsed by the XML parser. It's often used to include text that might contain special characters or code.
9. Parsing:
The process of analyzing an XML document's structure and content to extract meaningful information. There are various types of parsers, such as DOM and SAX.
10. DOM (Document Object Model):
A programming interface that represents the structure of an XML document as a tree of objects. It allows easy manipulation of XML content using programming languages.
11. SAX (Simple API for XML):
A streaming API for parsing XML documents. It reads the document sequentially and triggers events as it encounters elements, which makes it memory-efficient for large documents.
12. Well-Formed:
An XML document that adheres to the syntax rules of XML, including properly nested elements, closing tags, and proper use of attributes.
13. Valid:
An XML document that not only adheres to XML syntax rules but also conforms to a specific DTD or XML Schema, ensuring its structure and content are correct according to a defined specification.
14. XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations):
A language for transforming XML documents into various formats, such as HTML or other XML structures, using stylesheets.
15. XPath:
A query language used to navigate and select elements and attributes from an XML document.
1. Element:
A fundamental unit in XML syntax, composed of a start tag, content, and an end tag. Example: `<book>Title of the Book</book>`.
2. Start Tag:
The opening part of an XML element enclosed in angle brackets. It specifies the name of the element. Example: `<book>`.
3. End Tag:
The closing part of an XML element enclosed in angle brackets and preceded by a forward slash. It marks the end of the element. Example: `</book>`.
4. Self-Closing Tag:
A tag that combines the start and end tags into a single tag by adding a forward slash before the closing angle bracket. Example: `<br />`.
5. Attribute:
Additional information associated with an element, enclosed within the start tag. It consists of a name and a value. Example: `<person age="30">John</person>`.
6. Attribute Value:
The content within double or single quotes that defines the value of an attribute. Example: `age="30"`.
7. Namespace Prefix:
A short identifier used to associate an element or attribute with a namespace URI. It is followed by a colon in the tag. Example: `<ns:element>`.
8. Namespace URI:
Uniform Resource Identifier that uniquely identifies a namespace. It is often declared using an `xmlns` attribute. Example: `xmlns:ns="http://example.com"`.
9. CDATA Section:
A way to include character data that should not be parsed by the XML parser, often used for including text with special characters or code. Enclosed within `<![CDATA[` and `]]>`.
10. Comments:
Notes added to the XML code for human understanding. They are enclosed within `<!--` and `-->`. Example: `<!-- This is a comment -->`.
11. Processing Instruction:
A special directive that provides instructions to applications processing the XML document. It is enclosed within `<?` and `?>`. Example: `<?xml-stylesheet?>`.
12. Entity Reference:
A way to include special characters or reserved symbols in XML, like `<` or `&`, by using predefined entities or custom entities defined in DTD or XML Schema.
13. Character Entity:
A predefined code that represents a specific character, like `<` for `<` and `&` for `&`.
14. Document Declaration:
The first line of an XML document that declares the XML version and encoding. Example: `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>`.
15. Whitespace:
Spaces, tabs, newlines, or other characters used for formatting and indentation in XML documents. They are ignored by the XML parser unless within character data.